![]() Nature, nationally (United States) representative sample, and wide range of demographic,Įconomic, and health-related controls. Health (Add Health) was chosen for analysis because of its longitudinal prospective The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Our study focused on the association between intended participation in contact sportsĭuring adolescence and subsequent later-life depression as well as impaired cognitiveĪbility in a more recent cohort. Symptoms in adulthood in two 1950s-era cohorts. However, in population studies, Savica et al 35 and Deshpande et al 10 did not find an association between football and impaired cognition or depressive Increased head impact exposure to depression and later-life cognitive impairment in high Montenigro et al 29 developed a cumulative head impact index and identified a relationship with Studies that do exist have generated conflicting results. Studies investigating the link between participation in contact sports such as footballĭuring adolescence and impaired cognitive ability and/or depression in adulthood. While former professional players have been studied extensively, there have been fewer 1, 2, 27 However, others argue that participation in contact sports, concussion, theĭevelopment of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and downstream adverse effects haveīeen conflated, although there is little evidence of a causal link among them. Onset of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, leading some to question the safety of the 11, 12, 16 Additionally, early exposure to tackle football has been linked with earlier Recent studies have associated sport-related concussion with depression and impairedĬognitive ability later in life among former professional football players. The referent category remained noncontact sports. Sports, contact sports other than American football, and American football. Were classified as actual/intended participation in no sports, noncontact This analysis was repeated onĪ males-only sample (n = 5008). With the referent category noncontact sports. Sport participation was treated as a factor Ideation, and suicide attempts at wave IV as a function of sport Regression models predicting word recall, number recall, modified Center forĮpidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, depression diagnosis, suicide We constructed 6 multivariate and logistic Participants wereĬategorized as actual/intended participation in no sports, noncontact sports ![]() Waves of data collection from 1994 through 2008. Representative prospective cohort study following participants through 4 Of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a nationally (United States) This study used a subsample (n = 10,951) from the National Longitudinal Study
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